The Charleston is the tile-passing sequence at the start of an American mahjong hand. It is not used in most Chinese styles, so it is often the first new thing American players learn.
How it works
Players pass three unwanted tiles at a time, in a set pattern: right, across, left, then left, across, right (the second Charleston is optional). On the last pass you may "blind pass" — forward tiles you have not looked at. The sequence ends when everyone has passed, and the hand begins.
Why it matters when you shop
Passing three tiles at a time means tiles move across the table constantly. A mat with wind or pass marks can help new players keep direction straight. A plain mat still works if your group already knows the sequence. Either way, a non-slip surface keeps tiles from scattering during the pass.
What you need on the table
Four racks, a 152-tile American set, and enough space to pass without stacking tiles on the card. A square mat (31–33 inches) gives each player a clear zone. See mahjong mats if you want a marked playing surface, and racks & pushers to complete the setup.
New to the game?
Read our tile buying guide and the FAQ for replacement-tile and shipping questions.